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Changing file/folder permissions
All files on UNIX (including Linux and other UNIX
variants) machines have access permissions. These tell
the operating system how to deal with requests to access
these files. There are three types of access:
-
Read - Denoted as r,
files with read access can be displayed to the user.
-
Write - Denoted as w,
files with write access can be modified by the user.
-
Execute - Denoted as x,
files with execute access can be executed as programs
by the user.
Access types are set for three types of user group:
The web server needs to be able to read your web pages
in order to be able to display them in a browser. The
following permissions need to be set in order for your
web site to function properly.
-
All HTML files and images need to be readable by
others. The setting for this is 644 (readable by
User, Group, and World, and writable by User), and
is set automatically when you upload files.
-
All folders need to be executable by others. The
setting for this is 755 (readable by User, Group,
and World, writable by User, executable by User,
Group, and World), and is set automatically when
you create a folder.
-
All CGI files (all files in the cgi-bin
folder) need to be executable by other. The setting
for this is 755 (readable by User, Group, and World,
writable by User, executable by User, Group, and
World), and is not set automatically
when you upload files. You need to change file permissions
manually. Refer to the Introduction
to CGI topic for more information.
Warning: It is important that none
of your files or folders are writable by anyone else.
Any file or folder which is writable by others can be
erased by them. Generally there is
no problem, just be careful how you set your permissions.
To change file or folder permissions:
-
Navigate to the file or folder that you need to
change.
-
Click on the name of the file or folder.
-
Click on the Change Permissions
link in the top-right corner of the window.
-
Click on as many tick boxes as you require to create
the right permission. The permission numbers underneath
the tick boxes will update automatically.
-
Click on the Change button when you have finished
setting the permission. The new permission level
has now been saved and the display updated to show
the modified file.
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